Applied Nursing Research
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 17-23, February 2007

The relationships among anxiety, anger, and blood pressure in children

  • Carol C. Howell, PhD, APRN-BC

      Affiliations

    • Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing, Georgia State University, PO Box 4019, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4019, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 404 651 3645 (home); +1 404 255 5453; fax: +1 404 255 1086.
    • ,
  • Marti H. Rice, PhD, RN

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1210, USA
    • ,
  • Myra Carmon, EdD, RN, CPNP

      Affiliations

    • Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing, Georgia State University, PO Box 4019, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4019, USA
    • ,
  • Roxanne Pickett Hauber, PhD, CNRN

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nursing, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33615, USA

Received 15 July 2005; accepted 23 October 2005.

Abstract 

Relationships between anger and anxiety have been examined in adults but less frequently in children. This investigation explored relationships among trait anxiety, trait anger, anger expression patterns, and blood pressure in children. The participants were 264 third- through sixth-grade children from five elementary schools who completed Jacob's Pediatric Anger and Anxiety Scale and Jacob's Pediatric Anger Expression Scale and had their blood pressure measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics and hierarchical regression. Results have implications for the way in which anxiety and anger are perceived in children and the importance of teaching children to deal with emotions.

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PII: S0897-1897(06)00127-3

doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2005.10.006

Applied Nursing Research
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 17-23, February 2007

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